JAMES CHAPTER TWO
INTRODUCTION TO THIS STUDY

The purpose of this study work is to give you the original Greek language words and definitions for all the key words in this selected Bible text. This work does not make any effort to interpret the text in question, though some interpretation may occur naturally as a result of the study. The English translation used is the King James (Authorized) Version, not because it is the best translation available, but because I just plain prefer it for study!

All Scripture text will be presented in normal cased lettering, and all notes within the text will be in TRUE TYPE FONT, as shown. This (I hope) will allow you to avoid confusion between God's Word and my notes. As I update this website, I will continue to embellish the text so that anyone using NETSCAPE or MSIE 3.0 or higher will be able to read the document easier. Greek tenses are abbreviated as follows:

• GREEK TENSES:
• PR= Present Tense: Shows action in present time. When used with Active Voice, and Indicative Mood, often shows linear or continuing action.
• AO= Aorist Tense : Simple, undefined action. The time of the action is undefined, except in the indicative mood.
• FUT= Future Tense : Shows action of the verb as defined in the future.
• PER= Perfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, but has lasting and continuing results into the future.
• IMP= Imperfect Tense: Used only in the indicative mood, and refers to continuous or linear action in past time. As in "I was having".
• PLPF= Pluperfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, with continuing results in the past.
• GREEK CASES:
• GEN= Genitive Case: Usually indicates possession, though it can denote source of the action.
• INST = Instrumental Case: Usually denotes action on the object of the verb.
• DAT= Dative Case
• NOM= Nominative Case
• ACC= Accusative
• PL= Plural
• SG= Singular
• GREEK VOICES:
• AC= Active Voice: Action was completed by the subject of the verb.
• PAS= Passive Voice: The subject receives the action of the verb.
• MID= Middle Voice: The subject acts in some way upon itself or to itself.
• GREEK MOODS:
• IND= Indicative Mood : Makes an assertion of fact, and is used with all Greek tenses. Example: they will go, she saw.
• OPT= Optative Mood: Rarely used, it usually expresses a wish or desire.
• IMP= Imperative Mood: A command to do something.
• SUBJ= Subjective Mood: Makes an assertion about which there is some doubt, uncertainty, or indefiniteness.
• OTHER ABBREVIATIONS:
• PART= Participle : A verbal adjective, such as "having gone, receiving the gift".
• ABL= Ablative of source: When something is out of something. Example, The Spirit out of God.
• INF= Infinitive: A verbal noun, examples = to see, to go, to throw.

Jms:2:1:

have not (ECHO + ME = DO NOT HAVE AND HOLD)

the faith (PISTIS = DOCTRINE, WHAT IS BELIEVED)

of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons. (EN + LOCATIVE PROSOPOLEPSIA = IN THE SPHERE OF PARTIALITY)

Jms:2:2:

there come unto (EISERCHOMAI, AO AC SUBJ = ENTERS INTO)

your assembly (EIS + SUNAGOGE = OUR SYNAGOGUE)

a man (ANER = NOBLEMAN, REFERS TO A BELIEVER)

with a gold ring, (CHRUSO DAKTOLIS = GOLD FINGERED. ONE WHO HAS GOLD ON ALL HIS FINGERS)

in goodly apparel, (EN + LOCATIVE ESTHES = IN MAGNIFICENT ROBES)

and there come in also a poor man (PTACHOS = BEGGAR, PENNILESS ONE)

in vile raiment; (EN + LOCATIVE RUPAROS = TO BE SMELLY, SQUALID, IN DIRTY CLOTHING)

Jms:2:3:

to him that weareth (FORUO = TO CARRY HEAVY WEIGHT)

the gay clothing, and say unto him, Sit thou here (KATHEMAI, PR MID IMP = KEEP SITTING HERE TO YOUR BENEFIT)

in a good place; and say to the poor, (PTACHOS = BEGGAR, PENNILESS ONE)

Stand thou there, (HISTEMI, AO AC IMP = STAND HERE!)

or sit here under my footstool:

Jms:2:4:

in yourselves, (EN + AUTOS = IN THE SPHERE OF YOUR SOULS)

and are become (GINOMAI, AO MID IND = HAVE BECOME SOMETHING YOU WEREN'T BEFORE)

judges (KRITES = CRITICS, JUDGES)

of evil thoughts? (PONEIROS, GEN PL + DIALOGISMOS = WITH EVIL INTENTIONS)

Jms:2:5:

my beloved brethren, Hath not God chosen (EKLEGO, AO MID IND = CHOSE OUT, ELECTED)

the poor of this world rich in faith, (PLOUSIOS + EN + PISTIS, INSTRUMENTAL = RICH BY MEANS OF DOCTRINE)

and heirs of the kingdom which he hath promised (EPAGGELLO, AO MID IND = PROMISED, UNDERWRITTEN, GUARANTEED)

to them that love (AGAPAO, DAT PR AC PART = CONTINUALLY LOVE)

him?

Jms:2:6:

the poor. Do not rich men oppress (KATADUNASTEUO, PR AC IND = KEEP ON RULING AGAINST)

you, and draw (HELCO, PR AC IND = TO DRAG BY THE HEELS, DRAG WITH VIOLENT FORCE)

you before the judgment seats? (KRITERION = COURTS OF LAW)

Jms:2:7:

that worthy name by the which ye are called? (EPIKALEO, AO PAS PART = TO BE SURNAMED OR GIVEN ANOTHER NAME. THEY MALIGN CHRIST, BY WHOM WE ARE CALLED. SEE ACTS 11.26; 26.28; 1 PETER 4.16)

Jms:2:8:

the royal law (NOMEN + BASILIKON = ROYAL LAW. SEE LEV 19.18; MAT 19.19; 22.39-40; 1 JO 3.23; 1 THES 4.9; 1 PET 1.22; 2.17; 1 JO 3.11; 4.7)

according to the scripture, Thou shalt love (AGAPAO, FUT AC IND = SHALL HAVE DIVINE STANDARDS OF LOVE)

thy neighbour (PLACION = THE NEARBY ONES, THOSE IN YOUR VICINITY)

as thyself, ye do well: (KALOS + POIEO, PR AC IND = YOU KEEP ON DOING WELL)

Jms:2:9:

ye commit (ERGAZOMAI, PR AC IND = ARE OCCUPIED WITH, DO BUSINESS WITH)

sin, (HARMARTIA = SIN. USED IN SCRIPTURE TO DENOTE ALL CATEGORIES OF SIN)

and are convinced (ELEGCHO, PR PAS PART = HAVE BEEN CONVICTED OF)

of the law (HUPO + NOMOS = UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE LAW)

as transgressors. (PARABATES = VIOLATORS OF THE LAW)

Jms:2:10:

the whole law, and yet offend (PTAIO, AO AC SUB = TO STUMBLE OR FALL)

in one point, he is (GINOMAI, PER AC IND = HE HAS BECOME)

guilty (ENOCHOS = LIABLE, ANSWERABLE)

of all.

Jms:2:11:

that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. (PHONEOO = TO COMMIT HOMICIDE, MURDER. ALSO USED FOR SLANDER, A FORM OF CHARACTER MURDER)

Now if thou commit no adultery, yet if thou kill, thou art (GINOMAI, PER AC IND = YOU HAVE BECOME SOMETHING YOU WEREN'T BEFORE)

become a transgressor (PARABATES = VIOLATORS OF THE LAW)

of the law.

Jms:2:12:

and so do, (POIEO, PR AC IMP = KEEP ON DOING)

as they that shall be (MELLO, PR AC = ABOUT TO BE)

judged (KRINO, PR PAS INF = TO BE JUDGED IN COURT)

by (DIA + GENITIVE = THROUGH)

the law of liberty. (NOMOS + ELEUTHERIA = LAW OF FREEDOM. REFERS TO THE GRACE THE BELIEVER IS UNDER)

Jms:2:13:

without mercy, that hath shewed no (POIEO, AO AC PART + ME = NOT HAVING DONE)

mercy; and mercy rejoiceth (ELEOS + KATAKAUOMAI, PR MID IND = BOASTS, LORDS, OR EXALTS OVER)

against judgment.

Jms:2:14:

my brethren, though a man (TIS = ANYONE)

say (LEGO, PR AC SUBJ = SAY OVER AND OVER AGAIN)

he hath (PR AC INF, ECHO = KEEPS ON HAVING AND HOLDING)

faith, and have not (PR AC INF, ECHO + ME = NEVER HAS AND HOLDS)

works? (ERGON = PRODUCTION, WORKS. A REFERENCE TO PRODUCING FOR GOD)

can faith save (SOZO, AO AC INF + ME = FAITH CANNOT DELIVER, CAN IT? EXPECTS A NEGATIVE ANSWER)

him?

Jms:2:15:

naked, and destitute (LEIPO, PR PAS PART = CONSTANTLY BEING DEFICIENT)

of daily food (TROPHE = NOURISHMENT),

Jms:2:16:

say unto them, Depart (HUPAGO, PR AC IMP = GO AWAY!)

in peace, (EN + LOCATIVE, EIRENE = IN THE SPHERE OF PEACE)

be ye warmed (THERMAINO, PR PAS IMP = GET WARM AND STAY WARM)

and filled; (CHORTAZO, PR PAS IMP = BE FILLED AND SATISFIED)

notwithstanding ye give them not those things which are needful (EPITEDDIOS = NECESSITIES)

to the body; what doth it profit?

Jms:2:17:

if it hath not (ECHO, PR AC SUB + ME = DOES NOT HAVE AND HOLD FORTH)

works, is (EIMI, PR AC IND = KEEPS ON BEING)

dead, (NEKROS = NAKED OF SOUL, DEAD, NON-FUNCTIONING)

being alone (KATA + REFLEXIVE PRONOUN = ACCORDING TO THE STANDARD OF ITSELF).

Jms:2:18:

a man may say, Thou hast (ECHO, PR AC IND = KEEP ON HAVING AND HOLDING)

faith, and I have (ECHO, PR AC IND = KEEP ON HAVING AND HOLDING)

works: shew me (DEIKNUMI, AO AC IMP = TEACH BY SHOWING, MAKE KNOWN, EXHIBIT)

thy faith without (CHORIS = APART FROM)

thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works. (EK ERGON = OUT FROM THE SOURCE OF MY WORKS)

Jms:2:19:

that there is one God; (HEIS + EIS + HO + THEOS = ONE IS THE GOD)

thou doest well: (POIEO, PR AC IND + KALOS = DO YOU DO WELL? EXPECTS A NEGATIVE ANSWER)

the devils (TA DIAMONIA = THE DEMONS, FALLEN ANGELS)

also believe, (PISTEUO, PR AC IND = KEEP ON BELIEVING)

and tremble (THRISSO, PR AC IND = CONTINUALLY SHUDDER WITH FEAR).

Jms:2:20:

know, (GINOSKO, LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE)

O vain (KENOS = EMPTY, VOID OF EFFECT, WITHOUT CONTENT)

man, (ANTHROPOS = MANKIND)

that faith without works (CHORIS + TON + ERGON = APART FROM THE WORKS. REFERS TO THE CHANGED LIFE OF THE CHRISTIAN, EXPRESSED IN A NEW WALK IN THIS LIFE)

is dead (EIMI, PR AC IND + ARGOS = KEEPS ON BEING UNEMPLOYED, NOT WORKING)?

Jms:2:21:

by (EK = OUT FROM THE SOURCE OF)

works, when he had offered (ANATHERO, AO AC PART = HAD LIFTED UP. REFERS TO LIFTING UP ISAAC ON THE ALTAR OF SACRIFICE)

Isaac his son upon the altar? (THUSIATERION = AN ALTAR USED FOR KILLING AND BURNING SACRIFICE)

Jms:2:22:

Jms:2:23:

which saith, Abraham believed (PISTEUO, AO AC IND = HAD BELIEVED)

God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called (KALEO, AO PAS IND = RECEIVED THE DESIGNATION, WAS CALLED)

the Friend of God.

Jms:2:24:

then how that by works (EK + ERGON = OUT FROM THE SOURCE OF WORKS)

a man is justified, (DIKAIOO, PR PAS IND = KEEPS ON BEING VINDICATED)

and not by faith only (OUK + EK + PISTIS + MONO = NO, NOT FROM THE SOURCE OF FAITH ONLY).

Jms:2:25:

the harlot (PORNE = WHORE, PROSTITUTE)

justified (DIKAIOO, AO PAS IND = VINDICATED, PRONOUNCED RIGHTEOUS)

by works, (EK + ERGON = OUT FROM THE SOURCE OF WORKS)

when she had received (HUPODECHOMAI, AO MID PART = HAVING RECEIVED AND EMBRACED THE AUTHORITY OF)

the messengers, (AGGELOS = MESSENGERS)

and had sent them out another way?

Jms:2:26:

dead, (NEKROS = NAKED OF SOUL, VISIBLY DEAD, NON-OPERATIONAL)

so faith without works is (EIMI, PR AC IND = KEEPS ON BEING)

dead (NEKROS = NAKED OF SOUL, VISIBLY DEAD, NON-OPERATIONAL)

also.

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