1ST PETER CHAPTER FOUR
INTRODUCTION TO THIS STUDY

The purpose of this study work is to give you the original Greek language words and definitions for all the key words in this selected Bible text. This work does not make any effort to interpret the text in question, though some interpretation may occur naturally as a result of the study. The English translation used is the King James (Authorized) Version, not because it is the best translation available, but because I just plain prefer it for study!

All Scripture text will be presented in normal cased lettering, and all notes within the text will be in TRUE TYPE FONT, as shown. This (I hope) will allow you to avoid confusion between God's Word and my notes. As I update this website, I will continue to embellish the text so that anyone using NETSCAPE or MSIE 3.0 or higher will be able to read the document easier. Greek tenses are abbreviated as follows:

• GREEK TENSES:
• PR= Present Tense: Shows action in present time. When used with Active Voice, and Indicative Mood, often shows linear or continuing action.
• AO= Aorist Tense : Simple, undefined action. The time of the action is undefined, except in the indicative mood.
• FUT= Future Tense : Shows action of the verb as defined in the future.
• PER= Perfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, but has lasting and continuing results into the future.
• IMP= Imperfect Tense: Used only in the indicative mood, and refers to continuous or linear action in past time. As in "I was having".
• PLPF= Pluperfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, with continuing results in the past.
• GREEK CASES:
• GEN= Genitive Case: Usually indicates possession, though it can denote source of the action.
• INST = Instrumental Case: Usually denotes action on the object of the verb.
• DAT= Dative Case
• NOM= Nominative Case
• ACC= Accusative
• PL= Plural
• SG= Singular
• GREEK VOICES:
• AC= Active Voice: Action was completed by the subject of the verb.
• PAS= Passive Voice: The subject receives the action of the verb.
• MID= Middle Voice: The subject acts in some way upon itself or to itself.
• GREEK MOODS:
• IND= Indicative Mood : Makes an assertion of fact, and is used with all Greek tenses. Example: they will go, she saw.
• OPT= Optative Mood: Rarely used, it usually expresses a wish or desire.
• IMP= Imperative Mood: A command to do something.
• SUBJ= Subjective Mood: Makes an assertion about which there is some doubt, uncertainty, or indefiniteness.
• OTHER ABBREVIATIONS:
• PART= Participle : A verbal adjective, such as "having gone, receiving the gift".
• ABL= Ablative of source: When something is out of something. Example, The Spirit out of God.
• INF= Infinitive: A verbal noun, examples = to see, to go, to throw.

1Pt:4:1:

for us in the flesh, arm (AO MID IMP, HOPLIZO = TO TRAIN AND FULLY EQUIP)

yourselves likewise with the same mind: (ENNOIA = INSIDE THINKING)

for he that hath suffered in the flesh hath ceased (PER MID IND, PAUO = HAS PAUSED, DESISTED, REFRAINED, STOPPED WITH CONTINUING RESULTS)

from sin;

1Pt:4:2:

should live (AO AC INF, BIOO = LIVE A PATTERN OF LIFE)

the rest of his time in the flesh to the lusts (DAT PL, EPITHUMIA = TO THE LUST PATTERN)

of men, but to the will (ACC PL, THELEMA = THE PRE-DESIGNED PLANS, WILLS, OR DECREES )

of God.

1Pt:4:3:

past (PER PAS PART, PARERCHOMAI = HAVING ELAPSED OR GONE BY)

of our life may suffice (ARCHETOS = HAVE ENOUGH, BE SUFFICIENT FOR)

us to have wrought (PER MID INF, KATERGAZOMAI = BRING TO PASS, WORK OUT FROM THE INSIDE SO THAT IT IS MANIFESTED ON THE OUTSIDE)

the will (BOULEMA = WILL BASED ON PRE-DESIGNED IDEAS PLACED INTO ACTION)

of the Gentiles, when we walked (PER MID PART, POREUOMAI = TRAVELED AND KEPT TRAVELING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER)

in lasciviousness, (LOC OF SPHERE = IN THE SPHERE OF UNRESTRAINED SEXUAL ACTIVITY)

lusts, (EPITHUMIA, LOC = IN THE SPHERE OF LUST PATTERNS)

excess of wine, (OINO + PHLUGIA = SATURATION OR BUBBLING OVER WITH WINE)

revellings, (LOC, KOMOS = IN THE SPHERE OF PARTIES LEADING TO LASCIVIOUSNESS)

banquetings, (LOC, POTOS = IN THE SPHERE OF ALCOHOLIC FEASTS)

and abominable (ATHEMETOS = UNLAWFUL OR CRIMINAL)

idolatries:

1Pt:4:4:

that ye run not (PR AC PART, SUNTRECHO + ME = DO NOT RUN WITH THIS CERTAIN GROUP)

with them to the same excess (ANACHUSIS = IMMODERATION, EXCESSIVE BEHAVIOUR)

of riot, (ASOTERIA = DEBAUCHERY)

speaking evil (BLASPHEMEO = ALWAYS MALIGNING)

of you:

1Pt:4:5:

to him that is (PR AC PART, ECHO = HAVING AND HOLDING)

ready to judge (KRINO = EVALUATE, JUDGE FOR GOOD OR EVIL)

the quick (PR AC PART, ZAO = THE ONES LIVING)

and the dead. (NEKROS = DEAD, THOSE NAKED OF SOUL)

1Pt:4:6:

also to them that are dead, (NEKROS = DEAD, THOSE NAKED OF SOUL)

that they might be judged (AO PAS SUBJ, KRINO = EVALUATED. SEE HEBREWS 9.26-28)

according to (KATA = ACCORDING TO THE NORM OR STANDARD OF)

men in the flesh, but live (PR AC SUBJ, ZAO = HE THAT KEEPS ON LIVING)

according to God in the spirit. (INST, PNEUMA = BY MEANS OF THE SPIRIT. REFERS TO THE FILLING MINISTRY OF THE SPIRIT)

1Pt:4:7:

be ye therefore sober, (AO AC IMP, SOPHRONEO = BE STABLE!)

and watch (AO AC IMP, NEPHO = BE SELF DISCIPLINED, BE DILIGENT)

unto prayer.

1Pt:4:8:

have (ECHO, PR AC PART = KEEP ON HAVING AND HOLDING)

fervent (EKTENES = INTENSE)

charity (AGAPE = DIVINE LOVE)

among yourselves: for charity (AGAPE = DIVINE LOVE)

shall cover (PR AC IND, KALUPTO = HIDE, VEIL, BLOT OUT PERPETUALLY)

the multitude of sins.

1Pt:4:9:

one to another (ALLOS = ONE TO ANOTHER OF THE SAME KIND. A REFERENCE TO OTHER CHRISTIANS)

without grudging. (GOGGUSMOS = MURMURING, SULLEN DISCONTENT, SOURNESS OF ATTITUDE)

1Pt:4:10:

the gift, (CHARISMA = THE GRACE GIFT)

even so minister (DIAKONEO, PR = KEEP ON SERVING OR MINISTERING TO)

the same one to another, as good (KALOS = NOBLE, USEFUL, PROFITABLE)

stewards (OIKONOMOS = AN ADMINISTRATOR OF AN ESTATE)

of the manifold grace of God.

1Pt:4:11:

let him speak as the oracles of God; if any man minister, (DIAKONEO, PR = KEEPS ON MINISTERING, SERVING, OR WAITING ON OTHERS)

let him do it as of the ability (ISCHUS = THE ENDOWED POWER. REFERS TO THE POWER OF THE HOLY SPIRIT)

which God giveth: (CHORNEGEO = TO GIVE WITHOUT EXPECTATION OF RETURN)

that God in all things may be glorified (PR PAS SUBJ, DOZAZO = MAY BE GLORIFIED, MAY CONSTANTLY RECEIVE GLORY)

through Jesus Christ, to whom be (PR AC IND, EIMI = KEEPS ON BEING)

praise (DOZA = GLORY)

and dominion (KRATOS = RULING POWER)

for ever and ever. Amen. (AMEN = IT IS TRUE, IT IS A FACT)

1Pt:4:12:

think it not strange (ZENIZO, PR PAS IMP + ME = STOP BEING SHOCKED AND ASTONISHED)

concerning (PREPOSITION, EN = WHILE IN)

the fiery (PUROSIS = BURNING, MAXIMUM FIRE)

trial which is (PR MID PART, GINOMAI = ABOUT TO COME)

to try you, as though some strange (ZENOS = STRANGE, BIZARRE OCCURANCE)

thing happened (PR AC PART, SUNBAINO = IS FALLEN DOWN, IS ABOUT TO BEFALL)

unto you:

1Pt:4:13:

inasmuch as ye are partakers (PR AC IND, KOINONEO = KEEP ON BEING SHARERS, KEEP ON BEING PARTNERS WITH)

of Christ's sufferings; that, when his glory shall be revealed, (EN + LOCATIVE, APOKALUPSO = IN THE SPHERE OF THAT REVEALING)

ye may be glad (AO PAS SUBJ, CHAIRO, CONSTATIVE AO = MAY HAVE HAPPINESS)

also with exceeding joy. (PR MID PART, AGALLIAO = REPEATED CELEBRATION)

1Pt:4:14:

ye be reproached (ONEIDIZO, PR PAS IND = BE CENSORED, REVILED, CURSED WITH THE MOUTH)

for the name (ONOMA = NAME, BY EXTENSION, FOR YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH)

of Christ, happy (MAKAIRIOS, PL = HAPPINESSES TO YOU)

are ye; for the spirit of glory (REFERS TO THE HOLY SPIRIT)

and (ASCENSIVE USE OF KAI = EVEN)

of God resteth (ANAPAUO, PR MID IND = RESTS SO AS TO REFRESH)

upon you: on their part he is evil spoken of, but on your part he is glorified.

1Pt:4:15:

as a murderer, (PHONEUS = ONE WHO COMMITS HOMICIDE. WHOEVER WAS GUILTY OF MURDER WAS TO BE EXECUTED, SEE GEN 9.6; RO 13.4)

or as a thief, or as an evildoer, (KAKOPOIOS = ONE WHO WORKS OUT EVIL AGAINST OTHERS, A CRIMINAL)

or as a busybody in other men's matters. (ALLOTRIOEPISKOPOS = INSPECTOR OR A WATCHER OF SOMEONE ELSE, ONE WHO MEDDLES IN ANOTHER'S LIFE OF BUSINESS. SEE COL 3.16-17; RO 14)

1Pt:4:16:

let him not be ashamed; (PR PAS IMP, AISCHUNOMAI + ME = STOP BEING ASHAMED OR DISGRACED. WE SHOULD NOT HIDE OUR STATUS IN CHRIST TO THE UNBELIEVING WORLD!)

but let him glorify (PR AC IMP, DOZAZO = KEEP ON PRAISING OR GLORIFYING)

God (HO + THEOS = THE GOD, A REFERENCE TO GOD THE FATHER)

on this behalf. (EN + LOCATIVE, ONOMA = IN THE SPHERE OF HIS NAME)

1Pt:4:17:

is come that judgment (KRIMA = JUDGMENT. SEE 1 CO 11.31. REFERS TO EACH ONE OF US CONFESSING OUR SINS AND GETTING BACK IN FELLOWSHIP WITH GOD)

must begin (AO MID INF, ARCHO = BEGIN, START)

at the house of God: and if it first begin at us, what shall the end (TELOS = FINAL STAGE)

be of them that obey not (PR AC PART, APEITHEO = KEEP ON DISBELIEVING)

the gospel of God? (THEOS, POSSESSIVE GENITIVE = BELONGING TO GOD)

1Pt:4:18:

scarcely (MOLIS, ADVERB = WITH DIFFICULTY.A REFERENCE TO HOW HARD IT IS FOR MAN TO DROP HIS PRIDE AND ACCEPT THE FREE GIFT OF SALVATION)

be saved, where shall the ungodly (ASEBES = IMPIOUS, ONE WHO REJECTS GOD)

and the sinner (HAMARTOLOS = ONE WHO DEVIATES FROM THE RIGHT PATH)

appear? (FUT MID IND, PHAINO = MAKE AN APPEARANCE. SEE REV 20.12-15)

1Pt:4:19:

according to (KATA = ACCORDING TO THE NORM OR STANDARD OF)

the will (THELEMA = PURPOSE, WILL, DESIGN)

of God commit (PR MID IMP, PARATITHEMI = KEEP ON CASTING THEMSELVES ON, KEEP ON DEPOSITING)

the keeping of their souls to him in well doing, (AGATHOPOIEO = DIVINE GOOD)

as unto a faithful Creator.

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