Selections In The Gospel Of John

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this study work is to give you the original Greek language words and definitions for all the key words in this selected Bible text. This work does not make any effort to interpret the text in question, though some interpretation may occur naturally as a result of the study. The English translation used is the King James (Authorized) Version, not because it is the best translation available, but because I just plain prefer it for study!

All Scripture text will be presented in normal cased lettering, and all notes within the text will be in TRUE TYPE FONT, as shown. This (I hope) will allow you to avoid confusion between God's Word and my notes. As I update this website, I will continue to embellish the text so that anyone using NETSCAPE or MSIE 3.0 or higher will be able to read the document easier. Greek tenses are abbreviated as follows:

• GREEK TENSES:
• PR= Present Tense: Shows action in present time. When used with Active Voice, and Indicative Mood, often shows linear or continuing action.
• AO= Aorist Tense : Simple, undefined action. The time of the action is undefined, except in the indicative mood.
• FUT= Future Tense : Shows action of the verb as defined in the future.
• PER= Perfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, but has lasting and continuing results into the future.
• IMP= Imperfect Tense: Used only in the indicative mood, and refers to continuous or linear action in past time. As in "I was having".
• PLPF= Pluperfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, with continuing results in the past.
• GREEK CASES:
• GEN= Genitive Case: Usually indicates possession, though it can denote source of the action.
• INST = Instrumental Case: Usually denotes action on the object of the verb.
• DAT= Dative Case
• NOM= Nominative Case
• ACC= Accusative
• PL= Plural
• SG= Singular
• GREEK VOICES:
• AC= Active Voice: Action was completed by the subject of the verb.
• PAS= Passive Voice: The subject receives the action of the verb.
• MID= Middle Voice: The subject acts in some way upon itself or to itself.
• GREEK MOODS:
• IND= Indicative Mood : Makes an assertion of fact, and is used with all Greek tenses. Example: they will go, she saw.
• OPT= Optative Mood: Rarely used, it usually expresses a wish or desire.
• IMP= Imperative Mood: A command to do something.
• SUBJ= Subjective Mood: Makes an assertion about which there is some doubt, uncertainty, or indefiniteness.
• OTHER ABBREVIATIONS:
• PART= Participle : A verbal adjective, such as "having gone, receiving the gift".
• ABL= Ablative of source: When something is out of something. Example, The Spirit out of God.
• INF= Infinitive: A verbal noun, examples = to see, to go, to throw.

1  In the beginning (similar to the Hebrew of Genesis 1:1 re'shiyth, "In the beginning". Jesus Christ as God was in the beginning of creation with the Godhead)

was (eimi, Imperfect Act Ind = has existed in the past with the result that He has always existed)

the Word, (logos, reason, speech, word. The highest mode of communication from God to man was found in the person of Jesus Christ)

and the Word was with God, (pros ton theos = Word was face to face with God, Word {Jesus} was on the same level with God the Father. Jesus was not a god, He was and is equivalent to the God)

and the Word was God. (eimi is an equative verb, literally translated as Word = God.  Furthermore, the Greek construction is an anarthrous Predicate without the article to emphasize that Jesus equaled God in all aspects. Further, the verb is an Imperfect Act Ind which means "was always". The Jehovah Witness and Mormon attacks on this verse are unsubstantiated, unscholarly, and unBiblical)
 

2  The same (houtos, {demonstrative pronoun} same One, Jesus)

was (eimi, Imperfect Act Ind = was always)

in the beginning with (pros = face to face with. Jesus is equal in all respects to God the Father)

God.
 

3  All things (Nominative Neuter Plural Adjective pas, absolutely all things)

were made (Aor Act Indic ginomai, constative Aor = came into being. See 1 Cor 8.6. Jesus is not only equal to the Father, He is Creator God)

by him; (dia + Ablative, autos = by means of Him)

and without him was not any thing made that was made. (Aor Act Indic ginomai, constative Aor = came into being. See 1 Cor 8.6. Jesus is not only equal to the Father, He is Creator God)
 

4  In him was life; and the life was the light of men.

11  He came unto his own, (ta idia = His own things)

and his own (hoi idioi = His own people)

received him not.
 

12  But as many as received (lambano, Aor Part = received once for all)

him, to them gave he power (exousia, mastery, authority of)

to become the sons of God, even to them that believe (pisteuo, Pres Part = those who continue trusting)

on his name:
 

13  Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
 

14  And the Word was made (ginomai, Aor Act Ind = became something it was not before)

flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
 
 

1  There was a man of the Pharisees, (a very religious sect, they prayed 7 times daily and went to Temple worship three times each day)

named Nicodemus, (Nikodemos, meaning "ruler among the people". Based on the name most Theologians believe him to be a member of the Sanhedrin, the body of elders that ruled the nation Israel)

a ruler of the Jews:
 

2  The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do (dunamai, Pres Linear Act = keep on accomplishing)

these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him.
 

3  Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.
 

4  Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born?
 

5  Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and (Ascensive use of kai = "even", or "that is to say")

of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.

13  And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, (this statement was true at this time in history. None were allowed into Heaven proper until after Jesus paid the penalty for sin)

even the Son of man which is in heaven. (literally = "who is in Heaven right now". Jesus was simultaneously in Heaven and on the earth)
 

14  And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:
 

15  That whosoever believeth (pisteuo, Pres Participle = keeps on believing)

in him should not perish, but have (echo, Pres Subjunctive = might continue to have)

eternal life.
 

16  For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth (pisteuo, Pres Participle = keeps on believing)

in him should not perish, but have (echo, Pres Subjunctive = might continue to have)

everlasting life.
 

17  For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.
 

18  He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not (pisteuo me, Present Participle = does not continue trusting)

is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.
 
 

24  God is a Spirit: (Anarthrous Greek Predicate construction, subject {theos} and predicate {pneuma} may not be switched. Same construction as is found in 1 John 4.8) and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.
 
 

24  Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth (akouo, Present Participle = keeps on hearing)

my word, and believeth (pisteuo, Present Participle = keeps on believing, trusting)

on him that sent me, hath (echo, Present Linear = keeps on having)

everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from (metabaino, Perfect Tense = is in the state of having passed from)

death unto life.
 
 

31  Then said Jesus to those Jews which believed on him, If (ean, Third Class Condition = if, maybe you will, maybe you won't. It is a conditional statement)

ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed;
 

32  And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.
 

33  They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage (douleuo, slavery. These Jews were in bondage four ways: bondage to the Law, bondage to their religious system, bondage to the Roman Empire which had conquered them, bondage to sin)

to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free?
 

34  Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth (poieo, Present Linear Action, Dramatic Present = keeps on committing - habitual action)

sin is the servant of sin. (see Psalm 34)
 
 
 

21  When Jesus had thus said, he was troubled (tarasso, Aor Passive = upset, disturbed)

in spirit, and testified, (martureo, to give testimony or witness to)

and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.
 

22  Then the disciples looked (blepo, to quickly glance at one another. It was a furtive look)

one on another, doubting (aporeo, Pres Pass Participle = being confused, without means to cope)

of whom he spake. (lego, Present Linear = He kept on speaking. Jesus made this statement more than once)
 

23  Now there was leaning on (anakeimai, Present Active = reclining on. As was early Jewish custom, the people reclined at the table. This disciple leaned over on Jesus)

Jesus' bosom (kolpos, chest)

one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved. (agapao, Imperfect Active Ind = had Divine love for)
 

24  Simon Peter therefore beckoned (neuo, Present Act = nodded, made a sign with his face)

to him, that he should ask (punthanomai, to question, ascertain by inquiry)

who it should be of whom he spake.
 

25  He then lying on Jesus' breast saith unto him, Lord, who is it?
 

26  Jesus answered, He it is, (eimi, Pres Ind Act = will be, will continue to be)

to whom I shall give a sop, (psomion, a special piece of bread dipped in meat sauce, and used as a centerpiece. Served only by the host, it was offered to the first person as a reward. Only after the honored guest ate of it could others taste of it. Jesus honored Judas, though Judas betrayed Him)

when I have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.
 
 

13  And now come (erchomai + pros = come face to face with)

I to thee; and these things I speak (laleo, Present Linear Aktionsart = continue to communicate)

in the world, that they might have (echo, have and hold)

my joy fulfilled (pleroo, Perfect Pass Part = to fill up a deficiency, fill with a certain quality)

in themselves.
 

14  I have given them thy word; and the world hath hated them, because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.
 

15  I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of the world, but that thou shouldest keep them from the evil.
 

16  They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.
 

17  Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.
 
 

9  For as yet they knew not (eido, Pluperfect Act Ind + oudepote = absolutely did not know)

the scripture, that he must rise again from the dead.
 

10  Then the disciples went away again unto their own (pros + Accusative = face to face with their own)

home.
 

11  But Mary stood (Pluperfect histemi, had been standing)

without (exo, outside)

at the sepulcher weeping: (Pres Act Part klaio, kept on crying)

and as she wept, she stooped down, (parakupto, bent over and concentratedly looked)

and looked into the sepulcher,
 

12  And seeth (theoreo, Pres Act = to perceive, see with the mind and eyes)

two angels in white sitting, (kathezomai, Pres Act = seated)

the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. (keimai, to recline)
 

13  And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto them, Because they have taken away (airo, stolen away, snatched away)

my Lord, and I know not where they have laid (tithemi, placed)

him.
 

14  And when she had thus said, she turned herself back, (strepho, Aor Pas Ind = to turn away from)

and saw (theoreo, to discern, perceive)

Jesus standing, (histemi, Perf Act Ind = had been standing there)

and knew not that it was Jesus.
 

15  Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest (zeteo, Present Act = do you keep looking for?)

thou? She, supposing (dokeo, to think something, in this case untrue)

him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away.
 

16  Jesus saith unto her, Mary. She turned (strepho, to turn around, spin around)

herself, and saith unto him, Rabboni; which is to say, Master. (didaskalos, master teacher)
 

17  Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; (haptomai + me mou = cease clinging to me. See Mat 28.19)

for I am not yet ascended to my Father: (anabaino, Perf Act Ind + pros + Accusative = ascended to be face to face with {the Father})

but go (poreuomai, Pres Act Imper = go from one place to another)

to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God.
 

18  Mary Magdalene came and told (aggello = announced)

the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and that he had spoken these things unto her.
 

31  But these are written, that ye might believe (pisteuo, Pres Subjunctive = you might continue to believe)

that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.
 
 

15  So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest (agapao, to have divine love for)

thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love (phileo, to have human friendship love for, a lesser degree of love)

thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs.
 

16  He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest (agapao, to have divine love for)

thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love (phileo, to have human friendship love for, a lesser degree of love)

thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep.
 

17  He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest (phileo, to have human friendship love for, a lesser degree of love)

thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, lovest (phileo, to have human friendship love for, a lesser degree of love)

thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love (phileo, to have human friendship love for, a lesser degree of love)

thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.