The purpose of this study work is to give you the original Greek language words and definitions for all the key words in this selected Bible text. This work does not make any effort to interpret the text in question, though some interpretation may occur naturally as a result of the study. The English translation used is the King James (Authorized) Version, not because it is the best translation available, but because I just plain prefer it for study!

All Scripture text will be presented in normal cased lettering, and all notes within the text will be in TRUE TYPE FONT, as shown. This (I hope) will allow you to avoid confusion between God's Word and my notes. As I update this website, I will continue to embellish the text so that anyone using NETSCAPE or MSIE 3.0 or higher will be able to read the document easier. Greek tenses are abbreviated as follows:

• GREEK TENSES:
• PR= Present Tense: Shows action in present time. When used with Active Voice, and Indicative Mood, often shows linear or continuing action.
• AO= Aorist Tense : Simple, undefined action. The time of the action is undefined, except in the indicative mood.
• FUT= Future Tense : Shows action of the verb as defined in the future.
• PER= Perfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, but has lasting and continuing results into the future.
• IMP= Imperfect Tense: Used only in the indicative mood, and refers to continuous or linear action in past time. As in "I was having".
• PLPF= Pluperfect Tense: The action was completed in the past, with continuing results in the past.
• GREEK CASES:
• GEN= Genitive Case: Usually indicates possession, though it can denote source of the action.
• INST = Instrumental Case: Usually denotes action on the object of the verb.
• DAT= Dative Case
• NOM= Nominative Case
• ACC= Accusative
• PL= Plural
• SG= Singular
• GREEK VOICES:
• AC= Active Voice: Action was completed by the subject of the verb.
• PAS= Passive Voice: The subject receives the action of the verb.
• MID= Middle Voice: The subject acts in some way upon itself or to itself.
• GREEK MOODS:
• IND= Indicative Mood : Makes an assertion of fact, and is used with all Greek tenses. Example: they will go, she saw.
• OPT= Optative Mood: Rarely used, it usually expresses a wish or desire.
• IMP= Imperative Mood: A command to do something.
• SUBJ= Subjective Mood: Makes an assertion about which there is some doubt, uncertainty, or indefiniteness.
• OTHER ABBREVIATIONS:
• PART= Participle : A verbal adjective, such as "having gone, receiving the gift".
• ABL= Ablative of source: When something is out of something. Example, The Spirit out of God.
• INF= Infinitive: A verbal noun, examples = to see, to go, to throw.

* Note: Verses with no additional notes are shown in diminished text. Those who are interested in helping in the Greek exegesis of this text, please contact me at Didaskalos Ministries.

Philippians 4:1

Therefore, (HOSTI, for this reason)

my brethren dearly beloved (AGAPETOS, nom pl = worthy of divine love)

and longed for, (EPIPOTHETOS, nom pl = deeply desired)

my joy (KATA = true happiness)

and crown, (STEPHANOS = a wreath of ivy won in Roman contests. When you received it, you received a parade, a trophy, a cash reward, and were freed from paying taxes for life. The ivy withered away, but the rewards remained)

so (HOUTOS = in such a condition)

stand fast (STEKO, Pres Ac Imperative = be constantly stable)

in the Lord, (EN + instrumental KURIOS = by means of the Lord)

[my] dearly beloved. (AGAPETOS, nom pl = worthy of divine love)

Philippians 4:2

I beseech (PARAKALEO, Pres Ac Ind = to call alongside, admonish)

Euodias, (Her name means "prosperous woman")

and beseech (PARAKALEO, Pres Ac Ind = to call alongside, admonish)

Syntyche, (Her name means "pleasant woman")

that they be of the same mind (PHRONEO, Pres Act + ALTOS = continue the same thing)

in the Lord. (EN + Instrumental KURIOS = by means of the Lord)

Philippians 4:3

And (NAI, ok, yes)

I intreat (EROTAC, Aor Act = I request)

thee also, true (GNESIOS, reliable, stable, genuine)

yokefellow, (SUZUGOS. This is a proper name, "Yokefellow", a male believer who Paul called on to solve local Church problems)

help (SULLAMBAUO, Pres Mid = continually come to the aid of)

those women which laboured (SUNATHLEO, Aor Ac = to play on the same team with)

with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and [with] other my fellowlabourers, whose names [are] in the book of life.

Philippians 4:4

Rejoice (CHAIRO, Pres Mid Imper = keep on having happiness)

in the Lord (EN + Instrumental KURIOS = by means of the Lord)

alway: (PANTOTE = at all times)

[and] again I say, Rejoice. (CHAIRO, Pres Mid Imper = keep on having happiness)

Philippians 4:5

Let your moderation (EPIEIKES, Nom Sg Compound = to be over reasonable, extremely self controlled)

be known (GINOSKO, Aor Ac Imper = be known from experience. Let others see this trait in you, and thus see God)

unto all men.  The Lord [is] at hand. (HO KURIOS EGGOS = the Lord is near {to help the believer})

Philippians 4:6

Be careful for nothing; (MERIMMAO, Pres Act + MEDEIS = stop constantly worrying about anything)

but (ALLA, conjunction of contrast = But!)

in every thing (EN + locative PAS = in every circumstance)

by prayer (PROSEUCHE, instrumental + HO = by the means of prayer)

and supplication (DEESIS, instrumental = by means of entreaty)

with thanksgiving let your requests (AITEMA, nom plural = things sought for, personal needs)

be made known (GNORIZO, Pres Pas Imperative = habitually impart knowledge to reveal)

unto God. (PROS + Accus HO THEOS = face to face with God)

Philippians 4:7

And the peace of God, (KAI HE EIRENE TOU THEO = and the health/ benefit/ welfare from the source of God)

which passeth (HUPERECHO, Pres Act = to have and hold over and above continually)

all understanding, (NOUS, Accus Sg = comprehension)

shall keep (PHROUREO {military term} garrison, post, guard, stand a post)

your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.

Philippians 4:8

Finally, (LOIPOS = as for the rest)

brethren, whatsoever (HOSAS = as many as, as much as)

things are (EIMI, Pres Ind = keeps on being)

true, whatsoever things [are] honest, (SEMNOS = honorable)

whatsoever things [are] just, (DIKAIOS = just, fair, equitable)

whatsoever things [are] pure, (AGNOS = purity of motivation and function)

whatsoever things [are] lovely, (PROSPHILES= compatible with love)

whatsoever things [are] of good report; (EUPHEMOS = commendable)

if (EAN, first class = if, and it's true)

[there be] any virtue, (ARETE = graciousness, moral excellence)

and if (EAN, first class = if, and it's true)

[there be] any praise, (EPAINOS = something worthy of approval)

think (LOGIZOMAI, Pres Mid Imperative = keep on concentrating)

on these things.

Philippians 4:9

Those things, which ye have both (Ascensive KAI = also)

learned, (MANTHANO, to appropriate knowledge through discipline and instruction)

and received, (PARALAMBANO, Aor = to receive from the ultimate source of)

and heard, (AKOUO, Aor Ac = to listen and receive)

and seen (HORAO, Aor Ac = to perceive, discern with the soul)

in me, (EN + instrumental EGO = by means of me)

do: (Pres Ac Imperative PRASSO = keep on practicing {these things})

and the God of peace (KAI HO THEOS TAS EIRENES = and the God of harmony-peace-welfare)

shall be with (META + Genitive = together with)

you.

Philippians 4:10

But I rejoiced (KAIRO, Aor = had inner happiness)

in the Lord (EN + Instrum KURIOS = by means of the Lord)

greatly, that now at the last (HEDE POTE = already at length)

your care (PHRONEO, Pres Act Imperative = constant concern about)

of (HUPER = on behalf of)

me hath flourished (Aor Act ANATHALLO = begins to revive {me})

again; wherein (EPI + Dative HOS = toward whom)

ye were also careful,  but ye lacked opportunity.

Philippians 4:11

Not that I speak (Pres Act Ind LEGO = habitually think or speak)

in respect of want: (KATA + accus HUSTERESIS = with reference to poverty or want)

for I have learned, (MANTHANO = learn through discipline or instruction)

in whatsoever state (EN + locative HOS = in the sphere of whatever circumstances)

I am, (EIMI, Pres Act Ind = I am constantly)

[therewith] to be content. (AUTARCHES = self sufficient, independent)

Philippians 4:12

I know (OIDA, Perfect used as Present = I constantly know)

both how to be abased, (TAPEINOO, Pres Pas = to be humiliated or degraded)

and I know (OIDA, Perfect used as Present = I constantly know)

how to abound: (PERISSEUO, Pres Act Imperative = to live in prosperity)

every where and in all things (EN + locative PAS = in all circumstances)

I am instructed (Perf Pas MUEO, to be instructed in the ways of a fraternity, to learn something that few know)

both to be full (CHORTAZO, Pres Pas Infin = to be well fed always)

and to be hungry, (PEINAO, Pres Act Infin = to be constantly starving)

both to abound (Pres Act Infin PERISSEUO = making prosperous)

and to suffer need. (HUSTEREO, Pres Pas Infin = to live in poverty)

Philippians 4:13

I can do (ISCHUO, Pres Ac Ind = keep on having endowed power)

all things (PAS, everything)

through Christ (Not in earliest MSS, though supported by context)

which (EN + Instrumental = by means of the one)

strengtheneth (ENDUNAMOO, Pres Act = to empower or strengthen someone with something) me.

Philippians 4:14

Notwithstanding ye have well (KALOS = honorably)

done, (POIEO, Culminative Aor = completely done)

that ye did communicate (SUGKOINONEO = to share or be in partnership with)

with my affliction.

Philippians 4:15

Now ye Philippians know (OIDA, Perfect used as Present = have certain knowledge)

also, that in the beginning of the gospel, (See Acts 16, refers to Paul's initial entry into the Gospel ministry)

when I departed from Macedonia, no church communicated (KOINONEO, Aor Ac = to have partnership or fellowship in giving)

with me as concerning giving and receiving, but ye only.

Philippians 4:16

For even in Thessalonica ye sent once and again unto my necessity. (EIS CHREIA, accus = because of my need)

Philippians 4:17

Not because I desire (EPIZETEO, Pres Act = keep seeking after)

a gift: (HO DOMA = the free gift)

but I desire (EPIZETEO, Pres Act = keep seeking after)

fruit (KARPOS = fruit)

that may abound (PLEONAZO, Pres Ac = to abound, increase, constantly accumulate)

to your account.

Philippians 4:18

But (DE, particle = moreover)

I have all, (APECHO, Pres Ac = to receive the full or total sum)

and abound: (PERISSEUO, Pres Ac Ind = to have more than enough)

I am full, (PLEROO, Perf Pas Ind = to fill up a deficiency, to fully possess, to fill up with a certain quality)

having received (DECHOMAI, Aor Ac = received the love offering)

of (PARA = from)

Epaphroditus the things [which were sent] from you, an odour (ASTHME = fragrant odor or smell like as of perfume)

of a sweet smell, a sacrifice (THUSIA = monetary sacrifice)

acceptable, (DEKTOS = propitious, satisfying, acceptable)

wellpleasing (EUARESTOS = pleasing)

to God.

Philippians 4:19

But (DE, continuative particle = Now)

my God shall supply (PLEROO, Future Active = = to fill up a deficiency, to fully possess, to fill up with a certain quality)

all (PAS = all things)

your need according (KATA = according to the norm or standard of)

to his riches in glory by Christ Jesus.

Philippians 4:20

Now unto God and our Father (The Father is head of the Godhead)

[be] glory (HE DOXZA = the glory)

for ever and ever. Amen.

Philippians 4:21

Salute (ASPAZOMAI, Aor Ac Imperative = greet, embrace, salute)

every saint in Christ Jesus. The brethren which are with me greet (ASPAZOMAI, Aor Ac Imperative = greet, embrace, salute)

you.

Philippians 4:22

All the saints salute (ASPAZOMAI, Aor Ac Imperative = greet, embrace, salute)

you, chiefly (MALISTA = especially)

they that are of Caesar's household. (refers to Christians who were on Caesar's household staff. Christianity had reached even into the court of the infidels)

Philippians 4:23
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be] with you all. Amen.